The crating challenge presented here is to adequately protect this table within the crate so that the delicate spindle-mounted top element has little or no downward pressure on it. This is accomplished by securing the sturdier base element to the bottom of the crate. The feet are secured by custom ethafoam bumpers, and the cushioned straps hold the structure in place. The revolving tabletop is immobilized by more bumpers above and around the edge, but is in no way stressed by the pressure required to secure the heavier base. Although this is a simplified packing solution for a travel crate, no portion of the table comes in contact with anything other than tyvek-lined ethafoam.

Our crating department describes this as a “hybrid” crate:  it contains many of the elements of a full museum standard crate but is not painted or lacquered on the exterior and the contents are not further packed within an inner box. These are intentional choices and illustrate the extent to which each crating project is unique and both the crater and the customer can together elect elements from a “laundry list” of possible goodies.

The crate exterior shows the heavy battens and bolt closures typical of a museum standard crate. Bolt closures facilitate opening and closing repeatedly without structural damage. The crate is marked with orientation arrows, “fragile” notice and directions as to which end opens first. Statistics show that most damage occurs during unpacking of packages, so having this type of information clearly marked on crates is not an afterthought but an integral part of the risk management process.

Betsy Dorfman

“Impressionism“, a new play on Broadway starring Jeremy Irons and Joan Allen, is a grand evening in the theater for fans of good acting. The play could itself use some work. And the art handling, is, well, amateur at best. Not that anyone would notice but a pro. Still, if you (attention playwright and director) are going to include a scene that has a supposedly high value artwork packed into a crate onstage by a supposedly professional art handling company, well, it should be done correctly.

In this case the art handlers wheel in an upright crate, take the painting off the wall (wearing gloves, thankfully), put it into a fabric bag (?) and then lower the painting-in-bag down into the crate through the open top, so that the painting disappears like your hard earned money down the slot in Vegas. Snap the top closed, get a signature, and off they go.

Problems? Well, they didn’t  inspect the painting before handing it, but that is a fine point. Unless there is a scratch on it and you are the insurer…The fabric bag is absolutely non standard, never seen one used like this ever. Fabric can catch on or stick to the face of a painting and deposit lint or other debris. Even if there is plexi over the face of a work, the fabric bag is still a bad choice as it is slippery and thus difficult to hold onto, and it can snag or tear on its journey into the crate.

Speaking of which, and this is the major point, artworks are not lowered into crates this way, for good reason: you can’t see what is happening to the piece! There could be loose materials or something shifted in the crate which would damage the artwork. A screw may have pushed through in transit or come loose in the crate. In most cases prepared crates are either laid flat or stood up, the front is removed, the crate inspected and made ready, the painting carefully fitted in under watchful eyes, and when all is safely braced the front of the crate is put on and off you go.

A somewhat more minor quibble, but in another scene Mr. Irons assists a purchaser, again of a major painting  ( $40,000) out to her offstage car with the artwork. No wrapping, she’s just going to presumably, what, toss it into the back of her SUV?

I am sure these faults will be corrected as legions of concerned art handlers line up outside the Gerald Schoenfeld Theater (236 West 45th Street, NY 10036) in protest. In the meantime I am available anytime Mr. Irons would like a private consultation.

 Betsy Dorfman

During the course of a work week we pack and crate a wide variety of objects. But I have to say that in 26 years of operation I think this is our first…(pause for effect) …urinal. We did have a large litter box for the Whitney Biennial last year, but this one takes the cake. (OK, sorry.)

Below is a series of photos documenting the preparation and crating of this beast. Made of resin and steel and measuring 16 x 16 x 288″ !! — this is an undertaking to be sure. No prefab slat crate from the plumber’s supply outlet, but a custom pack and crate job all the way.

The artwork is by Bejing born artist Terence Koh, “To be titled (Urinal), 2009″. Permission to use the photos is courtesy of Mary Boone Gallery – many thanks.

Sometimes the most difficult objects to store or ship are those which look like everday things and could be mistaken for same. That litter box, for example, or the artist whose artwork was a crate and, in another case, a light pencil drawing on a ragged piece of cardboard. In a working warehouse, such items must be isolated, draped with caution tape, and severely labeled so as not to be confused with supplies or trash.

In this case, it wasn’t likely that anyone was going to use the appliance, but still the sooner crated the better!

Be sure to check out the exhibition opening April 4th at Mary Boone Gallery, curated by Javier Peres and also including works by Mike Kelley and Jeff Koons.

Betsy Dorfman

I get some variation of this phone call all too frequently:

ARTIST:   Hi, I have a crate I need to ship to London. I built it myself.

ME:           Okay, we can help with that. I will need the dimensions and weight.

ARTIST:   I got everything in one crate, if you can believe that. Eight by seven by about, oh the height has gotta be, I’m five eight so let’s say, six.

ME:          (Hopefully, but knowing better) Feet or inches?

ARTIST:  (Proudly) Feet. It’s in my garage. You’ll need a lift gate. Wait, you thought I was five inches tall?

ME:          What is the size of the largest work in the crate. These are paintings?

ARTIST:  There’s a couple of big ones, maybe four, then a whole bunch of medium and little ones that I stacked double high and double wide. Kind of up on a shelf thing on the inside. Sectioned. That way it could all go in one crate.  (Pause) Hello?

ME:      Sorry I’m just…is there any way you can cut this thing in half?

FADE OUT

Okay, some actual useful information:

HEIGHT

Many airlines have height cutoffs of 60-63″, depending upon the actual equipment flown. Above that height you will need to book on a freighter, which gives you fewer flights to choose from and is often more expensive. You typically need an advance booking on a freighter, and such freight can wait in line sometimes for days until space is available.  Sometimes you can’t avoid this, with a large installation piece or bronze, but where it can be avoided it should be.  

WEIGHT/HANDLING

Oversize crates cost more at every stage of shipping and handling, and if very heavy can be dangerous to move as well. They are more likely to be fork lifted rather than hand carried or dollied.

FREIGHT COST

With inventories of mixed sizes it is nearly always cost effective to fabricate multiple crates with contents grouped by size.  It is the overall volume that determines freight cost, and splitting into multiple crates often saves on final volume. 

ACCESS: THE END GAME

Also consider that the average doorway is only 30 or so inches wide. If your shipment is going to a corporate location, office building, or a downtown gallery your giganto crate may not fit through the doorway. Not every business has a dock or wide receiving doors. So now you’ve got some preparator unpacking the crate at the curb — not going to be your biggest fan once that is done.  And then what do they do with the crate? Have you seen the average gallery store room? 

DAMAGE ISSUES 

Most damage in shipping actually happens during packing and unpacking. Creating an oddly sectioned crate, which also has a high center of gravity, may not be simple to unpack. The recipient could open the wrong side or not perceive where all the works are located. We have seen examples where small works were sectioned off behind larger works, but where the separating foam or cardboard was mistaken for the wall of the crate.  Out goes the crate into the trash still holding the small works – ouch.   Always include a pack sheet detailing the crate contents, and unpacking instructions as well. Unfortunately many artist packed crates don’t have such instructions included.

 RETURN SHIPPING

If the destination can’t or won’t store your oversize crate, you may be asked to pay for storage at an offsite location or charged for a new crate to return unsold items. If you are lucky and they do store it, and, even luckier, they sell half of your artworks at the show, now you are going to have to ship that huge crate back half empty. Had you built 2 or 3 crates, chances are the returning volume could have been downsized into 1 of 2 of those.

Like most art handlers we are happy to give guidance to artists or others building crates. Call us BEFORE you build and we may be able to save you some money, or grief, or both.

Betsy Dorfman

Actually, they’re here. We’re branding these as ARTfids, our in house name for radio frequency identity tags which track the location of artworks in our care. You likely have experienced RFIDs in the guise of those pesky tags stores embed in clothing as a theft preventative.  Step out the door and through the “reader” and you trip an alarm.

Now this technology is making its way into the realm of fine art inventory systems and handling.  RFID technology is a huge improvement over bar coding as well as  visual only labeling systems.  Information from RFID tags can be scanned and uploaded directly into a computer to form an instant inventory. When pieces are deaccessioned from storage they are scanned out,  and scanned again coming off the truck at a delivery point using the handheld reader. Game, set and match.

The application for fine art is obvious: you want to know where high value items are at all times. New flat labels make this possible. RFID tags look like regular shipping labels and can be affixed to artworks quickly and simply.  Our proprietary system of ARTfids works with a handheld reader that is carried through our warehouses,  taken to job locations, and used on the trucks.   Inventories are read and verified in far less time than it takes to do manual counts, and with far greater accuracy.

And, how cool is this: unlike barcodes or human eyes,  RFID readers don’t require line of sight to the actual tag. The radio signal can be picked up from even inside closed containers. So, for example, the reader can report and verify the entire contents of a crate containing multiple pieces, without opening the crate. Walking through a loaded truck the reader can verify which items are on board, even if one is behind the other. Point it at a set of shelves where small items have been stored and it will tell you if one has been left on a high shelf out of sight.

RFID technology has obvious applications for institutions, collectors, and homeowners wanting peace of mind as to the location of their valuables. We’ll have a follow up post on a major Los Angeles art theft that might have been prevented had an RFID detection system been in place.

In our setting, i.e. the professional fine arts and antiques storage facility, the upgrade to RFID has been a major improvement. We’re very excited about this technology and invite questions from customers and the general public on this grand new tool for inventory and tracking of fine art.

We’ll also show you some photos of the tags and the system in use in later posts.

Betsy Dorfman

Just recently a $300,000 sculpture by artist Carole Feuerman was destroyed enroute to Art Miami.

Here is a link to the complete article with further details:

http://www.miamiherald.com/news/southflorida/story/794402

Needless to say a situation like this is what every art shipper and art handling company works every day to avoid. Worse, there are potential problems collecting from insurers as the timing of the damage is unclear and the basic policy held by the artist apparently does not cover the full value of the artwork under all circumstances. Unfortunately these are critical but all too common mistakes. And while there is never a guarantee that artwork in transit will arrive safely, there are steps that can be taken both to minimize risk and to maximize the likelihood of recovery in the event of a loss.

This article raises many issues and in the next several posts we will examine a few of them, starting today with chain of custody and inspection protocols.

EVIDENT VS CONCEALED DAMAGE

In many cases when artworks are damaged in transit the cause of the damage is clear and matches up to corresponding damage seen on the exterior of boxes or crates. Boxes arrive with a corner crushed or with punctures, crates show evidence of forklift tine intrusion, seams or tops have popped, wood feet have come off etc. These are basic signs of possible mishandling enroute. These “exceptions” are noted on the carrier’s paperwork on arrival, and the damage is assumed henceforth to have occurred in the custody of that carrier who last received the packages in good condition. This is similar to the chain of custody used in police and forensic work. Once received the compromised package is then unpacked in a documented process with photos taken and witnesses at hand; if there is actual damage then to the artwork within, the insurer of record is contacted and the claims process begins. Sad, but at least there is financial recovery possible through insurance.

CONCEALED DAMAGE WAIVER

In the case of the Feuerman sculpture however, there appears to have been no obvious damage to the exterior of the crate. Upon opening the crate however the sculpture was found to be destroyed beyond repair. In shipping terms this situation is called “concealed damage”. Many types of insurance carry a disclaimer or waiver for concealed damage where the goods have been packed by the shipper and are uninspected by the carrier or insuring agent. If the airline had provided insurance, it likely carried such a waiver and so would not respond to a claim under these circumstances. This makes sense, logically, as they would have no way of knowing what was in the crate or its condition prior to taking custody. Big gray area there.

CHAIN OF INSPECTED CUSTODY

While there was a clear chain of custody for handling of the crate, there was no inspection of the artwork itself each time the crate changed hands. The crate apparently left custody of an overseas art handler, was shipped via air freight, handled at Newark airport, then trucked all the way to a receiving warehouse in Miami where it was put away until inspection at a later date by the art handler who was to deliver it to the exhibition. Hence a mammoth gray area i.e. when and where did the damage occur? And who is liable under these conditions?

YOU BROKE IT, YOU PAY, RIGHT? WRONG.

In shipping liability comes down to insurance and specifically, declared value. It doesn’t matter if the airline broke the sculpture if they did not insure it. They are responsible only for what is essentially salvage value unless insurance was purchased and a value declared. In fact most airlines and other freight companies do not insure original fine art. They are protected in their paperwork, signed at the time of shipping, from liability for damage caused in transit where they have not insured the goods. There are always nuances in insurance, and it is true that such an airline might have liability if they can be shown guilty of extreme negligence. If, for example. they left the crate at the wrong address or at a closed dock, or left it out in the rain. But so long as they performed the contracted service i.e. moved the crate from point A to point B according to the terms established with the booking party, they generally have limited liability. Hey, these are freight guys; they are paid to move freight and they moved the freight. Whadda ya want?

IN TRANSIT VS STATIONARY — not as simple as it sounds.

Next in line is the artist’s own policy, which states she can collect $100,000 maximum in transit and $400,000 maximum if the artwork was “stationary.” Oh boy, the attorneys are going to have fun with this one. Stationary usually means in storage, not being moved, in a stable and protected environment. Technically a shipment that has arrived at a warehouse along the way, but which has not yet been delivered to its final destination, is considered IN TRANSIT. Even if it isn’t being moved for a period of time. Under our fine arts all risk policy, in transit status can exist for up to 90 days. Gray area anyone?

Could this situation have been avoided? We’ll take a look at some possible remedies in a future post. In the meantime our sympathies to everyone involved; it is always awful to lose an artwork, period

Betsy Dorfman / FINE ART SHIPPING

At FINE ART SHIPPING we get calls and emails every day from customers who describe their painting or other framed artwork as already “softpacked” or “softwrapped.”

Generically this means, what? Well, most basically it signifies that something is not crated or slat crated or enclosed in a rigid container but is instead, softwrapped. Somehow. With something.

Over the years we have seen “softpacked” interpreted to mean:

• wrapped in a flannel shirt, with or without tape to secure (watch those buttons!)
• plastic bagged in flimsy bags sporting the dry cleaner’s name and address (my favorite)
• used, very used, occasionally chewed, plastic sheeting draped over the frame
• cardboard corners, but otherwise entirely naked
• loose in a box with an afterthought of bubble wrap settled primly over the top (schoolteacher)
• beachballed in bubble wrap, and taped tightly all around as if more couldn’t hurt, but it can (any package you have to cut to open is risky, especially when guessing at the outline of the object within)
• gift tissue paper re-used, glitter and all

Here’s an object wrapped in plastic with a foreign object taped to the outside, potentially damaging the piece – unless it’s part of the piece, on the exterior of the package, with tape all over it.

This one is wrapped in some random plastic material which is too thin to provide adequate protection.

A used box with misleading printing, taped shut after it began losing its rigidity – fine for moving some stuff across town, but not for shipping art or other valuables.

Here is a piece wrapped in thin plastic, sealed with clear tape yellowed with age (clear-on-clear is a headache for the unpacker), and way too much of it – requiring a lot of knife work to remove.

This piece is popping out of its plastic wrap, exposing it to damage and the elements.

The plastic draped over this piece is used, torn, dirty, unsealed, too thin, and has out-of-date labels.

The “diaper paper” shown here is more gentle on some objects than it may appear in the photo, but sitting uncushioned in a flimsy, open cardboard tray leaves the piece open to damage. And a delicate artwork can be hiding under those messy paper folds haphazardly taped.

Not that all “civilian” packing is inadequate: often it is quite good and serviceable for the intended mode of transport.

Our favorite example of ingenious civilian packing is the customer who tells the story of relocating a world class collection of wedgewood china back in the fifties from the rural south up to Los Angeles in her car, without breaking a single of many hundreds of items. The secret archival material? Sanitary napkins! And she invited us to imagine the look on the faces of the pharmacists as she and her grey haired husband looted the shelves of every box they could find…

This collection was many years later packed and crated by FINE ART SHIPPING and sent off to auction at Sotheby’s London. It contained items so rare that the only similar or matching ones are in possession of the royal family.

There is no one single industry standard for “softpacking”, although there are basic guidelines and understanding of what this means. The condition, medium, value and fragility of the item itself along with consideration of the intended mode of transport are key ingredients; there is no one solution for an entire class of artworks.

But by and large a “softpacked” painting to a professional means that the contents, if a flatwork, is wrapped with a moisture barrier, then packed into a custom cardboard box that is created from sheets of cardboard cut to size to surround the artwork on all sides and edges. This is then taped closed and labeled as to the “face” side and correct orientation. This is also referred to as a “slipcase”.

Slipcases may have other ingredients such as:

• foam lining along the bottom of the pack to protect a heavy frame from its own weight
• wrapping of the artwork itself in glassine or dartek archival materials
• double cardboard over the “face” of the package for added protection
• collar wrapping or “shadow” boxing to allow for air circulation and/or to keep packing material from touching the face of textured, damp or unstable artwork
• glasskin taping over real glass to avoid damage to the artwork if the glass breaks in transit (glasskin is essentially oversized masking tape with an easily removable adhesive)

The elegance of a basic cardboard slipcase…

When traveling in the custody of professional art handlers, even a large slipcase like this can be a safe and economical alternative to crating.

Softpacks can take many shapes, and manufactured, double-wall cartons are often the best option for the job.

…even when a little modification is required.

Large or grouped softpacks are often palletized for greater protection in transit.

The custom pallet is a stronger, leaner and more efficient alternative to standard shipping pallets.

As with crating, the most important part of a softpack is the part that isn’t seen until it arrives safely at the destination.

Cardboard isn’t the only material used for rigid softpacks. When an object has special needs but crating isn’t an option, there is still a variety of archival and alternative packing materials to choose from.

It is important to let your art handler know exactly how your artworks will be wrapped when received. “Softpacked” can mean anything, and often does. If your carrier assumes this means slipcased, and you are operating in flannel shirt mode, this can create risk for the object if the service picking up is not prepared to further wrap the artwork or to return it to a warehouse where this can be done.

There are some prefabricated boxes which can be suitable for packing artworks and some which are eminently NOT suitable: we will have fun with those in a future post. Happy packing!

Betsy Dorfman